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Sydenham chorea, one of he major clinical manifestations of acute rheumatic fever. Occurs 1 to 8 months after inciting group A strep infection. Some patients may have associated arthritis, carditis and/or psychiatric symptoms. Diagnosis is clinical but may be supported by positive ASO titer. Other causes of chorea which should be excluded include encephalitis, thyrotoxicosis, lupus, Wilson's disease and Huntington disease. Treat with corticosteroids and antibiotics.
Source
Cruse, R. "Sydenham chorea" Up to Date. Sept 2007.
Image source: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RsIQFeYOkAg